Explosive-engine.



Patented May 29, |900. A. H. GDLDINGHAM.

EXPLUSIVE ENGINE.

(Application led Jan. 24, 1899.)

(No Model.)

m: mums versus co. Quaremme.. Waxman, u c

UNITED STATS' PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR IIUGII GOLDINGI-IAM, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE DE LAVERGNE REFRIGERATING MACHINE COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

EXPLOSlVE-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent Noe 650,583, dated May29,1900.

Application nea January 24,1999.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ARTHUR HUGH GOLD- INGHAM, a subject of the Queen ofGreat Britain, residing in the borough of Bronx, in the city and Stateof New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in EX-plosive-Engines, of which the following is a specification. l

The engine is adapted to employ the vola-a tile products of petroleum asthe fuel, inject-ji) ing a suitable quantity of oil into air previ`ously introduced into the cylinder. I employ two cylinders,eaoh servingas the corresponding parts of a single engine, of the class sometimescalled four-cycle7 engines, in which effective and blank revolutions aremade intermittently, each blank revolution serving simply to dischargethe products of combustion and induct fresh air to serve in thesucceeding effective revolution. The explosions may be induced by theheat in the metal of the combustion-chamber or vaporizer, and I willdescribe the engine as thus operated.

The improvement relates to the provisions for introducing the oil. Itmay serve with other means, as electricity,for inducing the explosionwithout a vaporizer. I will refer to the parts generally as cylinders Ithas long been the practice to employ two four-cycle engines thusrelated, and to introduce the oil by two reciprocating pumps, one foreach cylinder, having passages so connected as to introduce the oil inone or more fine jets, which traverse across the vaporizer or cylinderand, striking the metal on the interior of the opposite side, becomevaporized and diused in the air, forming an explosive mixture which isignited and by its great expansion drives the engine or engines. I havediscovered that it is practicable to so employ a single pump deliveringoil at each revolution that a measured charge of oil will beintermittently supplied under pressure directly to the admission-port ofeach cylinder, but only at the period of its suction-cycle,coincidently, the admission-valve of the other cylinder being sealedagainst the admission of the oil under the pump-pressure by the force ofthe combustion-pressure within its cylinder. Also the admission of theoil under the direct impulse of the pump will result in thecharge ofliquid fuel being strongly jetted into the cylinder, which charge,becoming divided, will thoroughly commingle with the air therein.

The two cylinders may be placed in any rela-v tions so far as directionis concerned; but I prefer for convenience and economy to have thecylinders side by side and the pistons acting upon substantially thesame crank-pin or upon two coinciding crank-pins.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification andrepresent what I con Sider the best means of carrying out the invention.

Figure lis a vertical section presenting an end view of the shaft andappurtenances. Fig. 2 is acorresponding side view. Fig. 3 is adiagrammatic view showing in vvertical section certain portions on alarger scale. The view generally corresponds to Fig. 2,but showing thecasings of the two valves through which the oil is delivered alternatelyinto the respective cylindersl partially turned around, so as to appearto be in the same plane.l Fig.

l4: is a section showing oneof the valve-heads and the parts immediatelyadjacent thereto on a larger scale. Fig. 5 is a cross-section throughthe longitudinally-grooved body of the valve on the line 5 5 in Fig. 4.Fig. 6 is an end view of the perforated plug through which the oil isjetted. Fig. 7 represents a modification. It is a general outlinecorresponding to Fig. 1, but showing the two cylinders arranged intandem one above the other.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all thegures where they appear.

Referring to Figs. l to 6, I employ an'ordinary strong and rigidframework A, of castiron, and form integrally therewith or firmly secnretherein two parallel cylinders A A2 in a vertical position, each open atthe lower end, over a main shaft D, which latter is provided with twocoinciding cranks D D2. A piston B' in the cylinder A and acorresponding piston B? in the cylinderAzeach connects with thecorresponding crank D or D2 by rods C or C2. v

The vaporizer or combustion chamber E' above communicates with theinterior of the cylinder A' and is maintained at a high tem-V peratureby the rapidly-succeeding brief periods of combustion therein.

E2 is a counterpart vaporizing chamber kept at a corresponding hightemperature, communicating with the interior-of the cylinderA2. 7.i

In eachv'aporiz'er or' combustion-chamber and cylinder, which I mayrefer to simply as each cylinder, ordinary valves worked by the engineallow the long-approved fourcycle action: First, the rise of the pistox1 forces out through the open exhaust-valve the spent products ofcombustion resulting from the preceding explosion; second,whilereceiving a jet of combustible liquid, which` may be ordinary kerosene,the descent of the piston draws in through the now opened air-inductionValve K fresh air and ii-llsthe cylinder therewith, mingled with thevapor of the hydrocarbon; third, the rise of such piston with bothvalves closed compresses such mixture; fourth, the explosion occurs andthe descent of the piston, impelled by the high pressure of the explodedfluid mixture, gives an impulse .to the machinery, this last being theonly profitable part of the motion. The impulse received in this laststroke, being stored in the ily wheel or wheels,.keeps up the rotationof the engine through the succeeding three strokes--two up and onedownwhich form the complete cycle of operations.

The pistons B' and B2 in the cylinders A and A2 descend and ascendtogether; but the valves K are so worked that one piston shall beperforming its idle ascent and descent whilerthe other is performing itsworking ascent and descent. f Y

G is a single-acting high-pressure pump, serving both cylinders A A2 byinjecting kerosene or other suitable oil into each alternately. The feedof liquid fuel into the proper cylinder or evaporatingl-chamber and theprevention of such feed intoA the other at the proper periodis effectedvby timing the deliv. eringof the pump, so that it occurs only at theperiod of the suction in one cylinder and coincident explosion in theother, causing the, positive sealing of the admission-valve of thelatterY against the entrance of the fuel under the direct pressure ofthe pump impulse. I have discovered that it is practicable to thussimplify the machinery and have successfully worked it out in practice.p The oil-delivery pipe H, leading from the pump'G, is branched,asfindicated by I-I H2. The two branches lead each to a correspondingvaporizing-chamber,^t' he'branch'I-I leading to the chamber E' and thebranch H2 leading to the chamber E2. It maybebriefly stated that therespective branches contain valves I I2, each having a Y longguiding-bearing in the pipe or passage, and `a nicely-finished conicalhead, which matches tightly in the hollow conical seat. v

J'. .I2 are helical springs, eachlooselyinclosing an `extension .or stemof the corre-Y spending valve and abutting the one against a xed ringI-Ii and the other .against Va corwresponding ring H2756, secured inplace in the interior of thecorrespondlng branches and tively, fixed onthe stem of its valve. v

In the working of my engine the conical under face of each valve-head isheld in tight contact with its conicalseat by the force of its properspring J or J2 and also during all the time when it is most efficient bythe strong pressure of the exploded gases, which is felt atrthe requiredperiod on the outer face of the valve-head. The working of the engineinduces by the pump G a small but reliable addition to-the oil'inrthepipe H H H2 at a .D. The oil thus forced acts equally onboth `valves Iand I2 in the directions to force each open and' deliver the oil pasteach intoboth ends of the respective cylinders A A2; but by theconditions induced, as described, the interior of one cylinder-forexample, the cylinder A-is at that moment subjected to a high pressure.Silnultaneouslythe interior of the other cylinder A2 is undergoing Lthesuction period Vand is free from pressure,.that cylinder being in themidst of the idle reciprocation of its piston, havingj ust driven out bythe last` explosion-and is just commencing .to inhale a supply ofair atordinaryr kpressure. Thus into ythis cylinder theoil under pressurefollowing the path of least resistance is vigorously jetted, and as itassumes a vaporous form it ismingled with the air, forming the requiredexplosive mixture. the next revolution of the shaft D a similarinstallment of oil sent up by the single pump G through the same pipe.II exerts, asbefore,

bers E and E2; but it is this time refused admission to the vaporizer E2and the cylinder A2 by reason of the higher pressure now obconditionsare experienced, the valve I2-remaining fast on its seat, while thevalve'l-l automatically opens, and the whole installment of oil nowdelivered by the pump is jetted into 'the vaporizer E', andso onalternately. Y

Particular stress is laid onvthe fact that the operation of the pump is`so -timed that the `delivery of the charge of the liquid fuel onlyoccurs at the alternate suction periodsof the cylinders A A2. the periodof exhaust would obviously result in an appreciable loss of theLhigh-pressure fuel through the opened exhaust-port besides entailingliability to external explosions, Ydac. The combustible mixture may beexploded at the right time by'various means. A hot surface especiallyprepared for the purpose, as a hollow capsulejheated by an internal orexternal gas-jet, or an electric spark or va-A In the particurious othermeans may serve.

each acting against a collar 1% or 12%, respeci certain period in eachrevolution of the shafttaining therein,-sotheopposite of the former thevaporizers E E2, connected to the upper the spent products of combustionVproduced IVOO `an effort to pass equally each valve I' and I2, and thusto go into both vaporizingfcham IIO To permit such delivery atV larengine shown and described the metal of the vaporizer assumes andmaintains so high a temperature that aided by the heat of compression itwill effect the ignition at the proper time in the cycle of operations.

The valves for the admission of air and the" discharge of the spentproducts of combustion are distinct forv the two cylinders and areoperated by cams, so adjusted that the piston in each will make itseective strokes at alternate periods-that is to say, the valve K', whichadmits the air to the vaporizer E' and the valve (not shown) whichreleases the spent products of combustion from that vaporizer, andconsequently from the connected cylinder A', are opened and closedthrough connections by the cams M and M# on the same shaft M. The latteris geared to the main shaft, so as to revolve once for each tworevolutions of the main shaft D. The corresponding cams (not shown)which operate the valves for the admission of air to and the dischargeof the products of combustion from the other vaporzer E2 are adjusted onthe same shaft M, but in opposite relation thereon.

It will be understood that all the parts of the engine, as thewater-jacket and the provisions for circulating water therethrough, theprovisions for lubricating, &c., not here specifically described, may beof any ordinary or suitable character.

Modifications may be made without departing from the principle orsacrificing the advantages of the invention. The oil maybe vaporizedbefore passing thevalves 1'12, or a permanent gas may be used, simplyenlarging the valves and passages and providing a pump of suicientcapacity. The distances of the valves from the respective cylinders orthe`vaporizers connected therewith may be v modified within Wide limits.Water-jackets may be employed to maintain the valves and valve-seats ata low temperature in cases where such are judged expedient.

The cylinders A A2 may be placed at various distances apart, thecoinciding cranks with which they connect being arranged atcorresponding distances apart. The cylinders may be horizontal or atvarious angles instead of upright. It is possible to arrange the twocylinders in tandem,'both connecting in such case, of course, with asingle crank. Fig. 7 shows such an arrangement. In all cases the valvesK', &c., must be Worked so as to have the idle reciprocation of thepiston in each cylinder induced at the period when the effectivereciprocation is being induced in the other cylinder.

I claim as my invention- The combination with two four-cycle enginesarranged to make their explosive strokes alternately and having theirpistons moving in unison, of a single, single-acting, fuel-pump making adelivery-stroke at each revolution of the main shaft of the engine, a

delivery-pipe therefor having branches leading to the cylinders and adelivery-valve in each branch as described, whereby the delivery-valveto one cylinder may yield to admit the passage of fuel while the otheris held closed by the explosion-pressure in its cylinder, substantiallyas described.

In testimony that I claim the invention above set forth I affix mysignature in presence of two witnesses.

ARTHUR HUGH GOLDINGHAM.

Witnesses:

THOMAS DREW STE'rsoN, J. B. OLAU'rroE.

